Laser technology makes medium application in agricultural machinery
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source:WEINBERG CNC Machining
Introduced technologies of a few kinds of advanced laser beam machining, elaborated them to make medium application in agricultural machinery, and put forward the train of thought that technology of laser beam machining makes medium applying develop in agriculture machinery. Current, technology of our country laser beam machining makes medium application in agriculture machinery still unpopular, the application in popularizing technology of laser beam machining to be made in agricultural machinery energetically is imperative, of technology of laser beam machining introduce those who be sure to promote agriculture machinery substantially to make a standard. Foreword since 20 centuries since 60 time laser comes out, laser technology serves as a new and high technology, won fundamental application in all trades and professions almost. Technology of laser beam machining is to point to all sorts of stimulate beam of light to be a method with high-energy density, wait for action through stimulating the physics between beam of light and material and chemistry, implementation changes the advanced material processing technique of corporeal configuration or property. Laser beam machining involves laser physics, material, electron, machinery and project to conduct heat wait for much door course, integrated laser, make, the multinomial technology such as control and computer application, already made the advanced production technology of much discipline across and a kind of model with many integrated technology. Laser beam machining has blame contact, free from contamination, heat to affect area precision of small, treatment is tall and the characteristic such as optional area treatment, and be other below specific treatment situation production method cannot replace. Accordingly, laser technology received fundamental application in a lot of industries. The complexity of the characteristic that agricultural machinery applies as a result of its oneself and working object, especially the design process instrumentation of agriculture machinery production industry is more backward, make its innovation little, new product development cycle is long, cost is high, production quality is coarser, product life is opposite shorter. To improve the production technology of agriculture machinery energetically, develop with parallel of other and mechanical manufacturing industry, must increase the advanced production technology such as laser to create medium applied strength in agriculture, raise agriculture machinery to make the standard of modern production technology of the enterprise. 1 laser shapes to make medium application shape quickly in agriculture machinery quickly the technology is direct basis CAD model produces model quickly or the technical floorboard of the spare parts. It is compositive the achievement of modern science and technology such as CAD technology, numerical control technology, laser technology and material technology, it is advanced the main component of production technology. It can according to CAD model (electronic model) the archetypal or direct production part that has melt into of design thought content accurately particular function, in almost aleatoric and complex component need not be made below the condition of mould and tool, solved arrive from the design problem of production fast butt joint. Accordingly, this technology can undertake be evaluatinged quickly reaching modification to products plan, shortened effectively the research and development of the product is periodic, reduced development cost, satisfied the requirement that rapid to new product development mixes the market with intense beneficial of current competition mouth to be made quickly, increased the integrated competition capacity of the market competition ability of the product and enterprise. Laser electorate agglomeration is to shape quickly one of main technique in making. This technology uses the principle that the material that chase a layer adds, to three-dimensional substance the model undertakes section partition is handled, make the scanning way of laser agglomeration; Next, sweep through X-Y laser catch appearance to make stimulate beam of light to scan along scanning method, absorb of the agglomeration that chase a layer is the same as body powder material (be like plastic pink, nylon pink, candle, pottery and porcelain or) , the mixed powder of metal and binder or metallic pink, after passing agglomeration and layer upon layer overlay, form needs three-dimensional work finally. This kind of production method is had shape speed fast, precision processing of good, postposition mixes quality of tall, surface simply the characteristic waits when the province, it is a technology that has vitality, the development that is production technology created a kind of new method. Agricultural machinery produces a process to have specialty. The spare parts has more complex figure more, if primary tillage equipment, scarification equipment and results are mechanical,wait. In addition, complex curved surface is more, if chance of plough body curved surface, rotary tillage comes back,impeller of knife, water pump is mixed send makings helix to wait, and according to specific production the circumstance differs, its appearance still needs to be adjusted accordingly. Accordingly, the machining method that uses a convention manufactures part of this kind of agriculture machinery, develop development time to grow not only, treatment technology is sophisticated, and the effect of very inaccessible ideal. Apply advanced laser to shape quickly compositive technology, shorten greatly not only the development cycle of new product, reduce development cost, and production quality also excel tradition produces a method. The aggrandizement of applied laser surface of aggrandizement of 2 laser surface and heat treatment and heat treatment technology are close will 20 years develop technology of finishing of a kind of when rise new-style material. The principle of technology of laser surface aggrandizement is to use laser the characteristic with penetrable extremely strong capability, should heat metallic surface only when the critical transition temperature under melting point, rapid austenite changes its face, next quickness from Leng Cuihuo, metallic face is fast by aggrandizement. Laser surface aggrandizement and heat treatment can divide it is 3 kinds: It is to stimulate the metal when illumination is shot not to fuse, it is constituent happening change only, this kind of technology basically becomes sclerotic for laser photograph (laser quenchs) ; 2 it is to stimulate the metal when illumination is shot to fuse, the organization after refrigeration produces change or join other element to improve exterior quality, include laser frit to coagulate, laser alloy is changed, blame brilliant changes laser to wait with controlled micro crystallization; 3 it is to stimulate surface of the metal when illumination is shot to produce vaporization, produce constituent change thereby, this kind of craft basically pounds sclerosis for laser. The interaction rule that afore-mentioned theoretical foundations with collective craft of all sorts of laser heat treatment are laser and material and its metal learn behavior. Laser heat treatment is the development of technology of conventional heat treatment and complement, it can solve other finishing method inextricability or bad to solve material aggrandizement problem. After be being handled through laser, intensity of casting layer surface layer can amount to HRC60 above, in the surface layer hardness of carbon, high-carbon steel and alloy steel can amount to HRC70 above, raise its to fight thereby wear away, fight fatigue, anti-corrosive wait for function with antirust, prolong its service life. Laser heat treatment applies in automobile industry very extensive, in a lot of car keys go up (like cylinder body. Cylinder bushing, crankshaft, camshaft, exhaust valve, valve base or piston annulus) can collect HJ laser heat treatment almost. Same, agricultural engine also should be used extensively. In agricultural production, the working requirement of the machine is varied, some machines (plow, intertill machine, drill and mower) work in abrasive medium directly, make a lot of spare partses wear away very fast. On the other hand, to gain enough strength, the material dosage of the machine is bigger, waste material not only, and appear cumbersome. To this kind of spare parts, the hardness after laser sclerosis is handled quenchs than convention hardness is tall 5 ％ one 20 ％ , laser alloy is changed can join new material according to asking to choose, form the new alloy layer that is a foundation with base material, in order to acquire satisfactory property. In addition, as a result of the function after processing rise, can choose the base material of low function, reduced the quality of base material thereby. 3 laser apply laser frit Fu mediumly in rehabilitate of agriculture machinery spare parts (say laser surrounds Fu or laser frit spread again) it is a kind of new exterior modified technology, it is passed frit Fu material is added in base material surface, the laser that uses high-energy density bundle, make with layer of base material surface a frit coagulates, the filling frit cladding that is united in wedlock with metallurgy is formed in base material surface. The material frit Fu that can nod Gao Rong as a result of laser frit Fu is in the base material surface of low melting point, and the composition of material also does not suffer normally smelt metal alloy is thermodynamic conditional limitation. Accordingly, the range that uses frit Fu data is quite wide, include alloy of nickel radical, cobalt radical, iron radical, carbide compound alloy material and material of pottery and porcelain. Among them, the laser frit Fu of alloy material and carbide composite material is relatively mature, already won actual application. Of the approximate heat insulation that because stimulate the high-energy density place of beam of light,produces heat quickly process, make laser frit Fu lesser to the hot influence of base material, cause be out of shape lesser also. The input energy that controls laser is OK still the attenuant action of base material limitation is in extremely low rate (be less than 10 ％ ) , held the exceedingly good property of material of former frit Fu thereby. Accordingly, the wear-resisting that technology of laser frit Fu can improve material appearance and be able to bear or endure the function such as corrode, basically use at the rehabilitate after the spare parts wears away and the performance that enhance new production part. To important part (the) such as the steam cylinder bushing in be like agriculture machinery and piston, because workload is big, high temperature, high pressure, erode and the attrition of different level, its wear extent is very big, the spare parts needs to discard as useless regularly and change. Fetters to primary tillage equipment, scarification equipment and mower (if plow, intertill machine, drill and mower) , the local damage when exercise is very fast, because damage locally,the spare parts discards as useless is. To improve the service life of the spare parts, repair work is having huge sense. Laser beam machining has the distinct advantage of electorate action, and laser frit Fu is OK conveniently repair wears away place, make the spare parts does not discard as useless because of local attaint, improved the dependability of the spare parts and service life, in devoted charge the least state of affairs falls to achieve much better performance demand "J afresh. In addition, have repair to the mould with laser, can improve the life of the mould greatly, do not accept the restriction of appearance and dimension again, in making, also should be popularized energetically and use in agriculture machinery. When to ponder over 1) what 4 laser technology makes medium applying in agriculture machinery technique of laser beam machining is already old in much trade thrust is wide, medium application is made in agricultural machinery imperative also. But the use of the choice to processing a type and laser, want to be made from the foundation, below the circumstance that mastering method of this kind of advanced treatment adequately only, ability improves conventional technology better, produce the advantage of new technology. Technology of laser beam machining is compositive the achievement of modern science and technology such as CAD technology, numerical control technology, laser technology and material technology, the technology involves range wide. Accordingly, agriculture machinery enterprise is in on when laser makes an item, must analyse enterprise oneself condition and demand, to other machinery the enterprise seeks advice, be certain direction, find combinative place, successive, avoid by all means is alleged one pace of " reachs the designated position " . Because development of technology of laser beam machining is very rapid, any undertakings are impossible that one pace reachs the designated position. Technology of 2) laser beam machining makes medium application be in our country in agriculture machinery still unpopular, advocate if this industry is right,the application of laser technology still exists the secret touch of different level and bias. Additional, insufficient also to the conduct propaganda of laser technology, devoid practice. Accordingly, agriculture machinery enterprise should introduce the mature scientific research achievement in absorbing industry to produce as soon as possible, what in using good industry, already built is muti_function center of laser beam machining, make its serve for more agriculture machinery enterprises. 3) is some closer year come, the production technology of high-power laser and auxiliary equipment rises increasingly, its foundation theory and manufacturing technology 13 beneficial are mature, with other treatment equipment photograph is compared, the price of high-power laser also is not very high. Accordingly, technology of laser beam machining made medium application have certain exterior requirement in agricultural machinery. Additional, as the rapid development of agricultural industrialization, agriculture makes the actual strength of the enterprise increase apparently, taller and taller to the requirement of product quality, medium application was made offer in-house motive force and condition in agricultural machinery for technology of laser beam machining. Accordingly, at present technology of laser beam machining made medium application have a requirement in agricultural machinery. OK and fatidical, of technology of laser beam machining introduce those who be sure to promote agriculture machinery substantially to make a standard. CNC Milling
